Django用户认证系统如何实现自定义

发布日期： 2026-01-12 阅读量： 作者： 用户投稿

自定义用户认证系统

Django 自带的用户认证系统已经可以满足大部分的情况，但是有时候我们需要某些特定的需求。Django 支持使用其他认证系统、也可以扩展Django的User模块，完全自定义新的认证模块。

参考：https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.0/topics/auth/customizing/

a、拷贝以下代码到model文件中：

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import (
  BaseUserManager, AbstractBaseUser
)
class MyUserManager(BaseUserManager):
  def create_user(self, email, name, password=None):
    """
    Creates and saves a User with the given email, date of
    birth and password.
    """
    if not email:
      raise ValueError('Users must have an email address')

    user = self.model(
      email=self.normalize_email(email),
      name=name,
    )

    user.set_password(password)
    user.save(using=self._db)
    return user

  def create_superuser(self, email, name, password):
    """
    Creates and saves a superuser with the given email, date of
    birth and password.
    """
    user = self.create_user(
      email,
      password=password,
      name=name,
    )
    user.is_admin = True
    user.save(using=self._db)
    return user

class UserProfile(AbstractBaseUser):
  '''账号表'''
  email = models.EmailField(
    verbose_name='email address',
    max_length=255,
    unique=True,
  )
  name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
  is_active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
  is_admin = models.BooleanField(default=False)

  objects = MyUserManager()

  USERNAME_FIELD = 'email'
  REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['name']

  def __str__(self):
    return self.email

  def has_perm(self, perm, obj=None):
    "Does the user have a specific permission?"
    # Simplest possible answer: Yes, always
    return True

  def has_module_perms(self, app_label):
    "Does the user have permissions to view the app `app_label`?"
    # Simplest possible answer: Yes, always
    return True

  @property
  def is_staff(self):
    "Is the user a member of staff?"
    # Simplest possible answer: All admins are staff
    return self.is_admin

注意：email, name等字段都是可以自定义的

b、在admin.py中添加如下代码：

from django import forms
from django.contrib import admin
from django.contrib.auth.models import Group
from django.contrib.auth.admin import UserAdmin as BaseUserAdmin
from django.contrib.auth.forms import ReadOnlyPasswordHashField

from customauth.models import MyUser


class UserCreationForm(forms.ModelForm):
  """A form for creating new users. Includes all the required
  fields, plus a repeated password."""
  password1 = forms.CharField(label='Password', widget=forms.PasswordInput)
  password2 = forms.CharField(label='Password confirmation', widget=forms.PasswordInput)

  class Meta:
    model = MyUser
    fields = ('email', 'date_of_birth')

  def clean_password2(self):
    # Check that the two password entries match
    password1 = self.cleaned_data.get("password1")
    password2 = self.cleaned_data.get("password2")
    if password1 and password2 and password1 != password2:
      raise forms.ValidationError("Passwords don't match")
    return password2

  def save(self, commit=True):
    # Save the provided password in hashed format
    user = super().save(commit=False)
    user.set_password(self.cleaned_data["password1"])
    if commit:
      user.save()
    return user


class UserChangeForm(forms.ModelForm):
  """A form for updating users. Includes all the fields on
  the user, but replaces the password field with admin's
  password hash display field.
  """
  password = ReadOnlyPasswordHashField()

  class Meta:
    model = MyUser
    fields = ('email', 'password', 'date_of_birth', 'is_active', 'is_admin')

  def clean_password(self):
    # Regardless of what the user provides, return the initial value.
    # This is done here, rather than on the field, because the
    # field does not have access to the initial value
    return self.initial["password"]


class UserAdmin(BaseUserAdmin):
  # The forms to add and change user instances
  form = UserChangeForm
  add_form = UserCreationForm

  # The fields to be used in displaying the User model.
  # These override the definitions on the base UserAdmin
  # that reference specific fields on auth.User.
  list_display = ('email', 'date_of_birth', 'is_admin')
  list_filter = ('is_admin',)
  fieldsets = (
    (None, {'fields': ('email', 'password')}),
    ('Personal info', {'fields': ('date_of_birth',)}),
    ('Permissions', {'fields': ('is_admin',)}),
  )
  # add_fieldsets is not a standard ModelAdmin attribute. UserAdmin
  # overrides get_fieldsets to use this attribute when creating a user.
  add_fieldsets = (
    (None, {
      'classes': ('wide',),
      'fields': ('email', 'date_of_birth', 'password1', 'password2')}
    ),
  )
  search_fields = ('email',)
  ordering = ('email',)
  filter_horizontal = ()

# Now register the new UserAdmin...
admin.site.register(MyUser, UserAdmin)
# ... and, since we're not using Django's built-in permissions,
# unregister the Group model from admin.
admin.site.unregister(Group)

C、在settings.py中添加配置：

AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'customauth.MyUser' #customauth指APP name, MyUser指自定义的用户表model类
（这个时候仍然可以使用django.contrib.auth import authenticate,login,logout 等认证方法，只是保存数据的表不一样）

D、创建超级用户

首先我们要新建一个用户名，用来登陆管理网站，可以使用如下命令：

python manage.py createsuperuser

输入想要使用的用户名：

Username (leave blank to use 'administrator'): user01

输入email：

Email address: (在这里输入你的自己的邮箱帐号)

输入密码，需要输入两次，并且输入密码时不会显示出来：

Password:

Password (again):

当两次密码都相同的时候，就会提示超级帐号创建成功。

Superuser created successfully.