java中自定义Spring Security权限控制管理示例（实战篇）

发布日期： 2026-01-11 阅读量： 作者： 用户投稿

背景描述

项目中需要做细粒的权限控制，细微至url + httpmethod (满足restful，例如: https://.../xxx/users/1, 某些角色只能查看(HTTP GET), 而无权进行增改删（POST, PUT, DELETE）)。

表设计

为避嫌，只列出要用到的关键字段，其余敬请自行脑补。

1.admin_user 管理员用户表，关键字段( id, role_id )。

2.t_role 角色表，关键字段（ id, privilege_id ）。

3.t_privilege 权限表，关键字段（ id, url, method ）

三个表的关联关系就不用多说了吧，看字段一眼就能看出。

实现前分析

我们可以逆向思考：

要实现我们的需求，最关键的一步就是让Spring Security的AccessDecisionManager来判断所请求的url + httpmethod 是否符合我们数据库中的配置。然而，AccessDecisionManager并没有来判定类似需求的相关Voter，因此，我们需要自定义一个Voter的实现（默认注册的AffirmativeBased的策略是只要有Voter投出ACCESS_GRANTED票，则判定为通过，这也正符合我们的需求）。实现voter后，有一个关键参数（Collection

总结一下思路步骤：

1.自定义voter实现。

2.自定义ConfigAttribute实现。

3.自定义SecurityMetadataSource实现。

4.Authentication包含用户实例（这个其实不用说，大家应该都已经这么做了）。

5.自定义GrantedAuthority实现。

项目实战

1.自定义GrantedAuthority实现

UrlGrantedAuthority.java

public class UrlGrantedAuthority implements GrantedAuthority {

  private final String httpMethod;

  private final String url;

  public UrlGrantedAuthority(String httpMethod, String url) {
    this.httpMethod = httpMethod;
    this.url = url;
  }

  @Override
  public String getAuthority() {
    return url;
  }

  public String getHttpMethod() {
    return httpMethod;
  }

  public String getUrl() {
    return url;
  }

  @Override
  public boolean equals(Object o) {
    if (this == o) return true;
    if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;

    UrlGrantedAuthority target = (UrlGrantedAuthority) o;
    if (httpMethod.equals(target.getHttpMethod()) && url.equals(target.getUrl())) return true;
    return false;
  }

  @Override
  public int hashCode() {
    int result = httpMethod != null ? httpMethod.hashCode() : 0;
    result = 31 * result + (url != null ? url.hashCode() : 0);
    return result;
  }
}

2.自定义认证用户实例

public class SystemUser implements UserDetails {

  private final Admin admin;

  private List<MenuOutput> menuOutputList;

  private final List<GrantedAuthority> grantedAuthorities;

  public SystemUser(Admin admin, List<AdminPrivilege> grantedPrivileges, List<MenuOutput> menuOutputList) {
    this.admin = admin;
    this.grantedAuthorities = grantedPrivileges.stream().map(it -> {
      String method = it.getMethod() != null ? it.getMethod().getLabel() : null;
      return new UrlGrantedAuthority(method, it.getUrl());
    }).collect(Collectors.toList());
    this.menuOutputList = menuOutputList;
  }

  @Override
  public Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> getAuthorities() {
    return this.grantedAuthorities;
  }

  @Override
  public String getPassword() {
    return admin.getPassword();
  }

  @Override
  public String getUsername() {
    return null;
  }

  @Override
  public boolean isAccountNonExpired() {
    return true;
  }

  @Override
  public boolean isAccountNonLocked() {
    return true;
  }

  @Override
  public boolean isCredentialsNonExpired() {
    return true;
  }

  @Override
  public boolean isEnabled() {
    return true;
  }

  public Long getId() {
    return admin.getId();
  }

  public Admin getAdmin() {
    return admin;
  }

  public List<MenuOutput> getMenuOutputList() {
    return menuOutputList;
  }

  public String getSalt() {
    return admin.getSalt();
  }
}

3.自定义UrlConfigAttribute实现

public class UrlConfigAttribute implements ConfigAttribute {

  private final HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest;

  public UrlConfigAttribute(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest) {
    this.httpServletRequest = httpServletRequest;
  }


  @Override
  public String getAttribute() {
    return null;
  }

  public HttpServletRequest getHttpServletRequest() {
    return httpServletRequest;
  }
}

4.自定义SecurityMetadataSource实现

public class UrlFilterInvocationSecurityMetadataSource implements FilterInvocationSecurityMetadataSource {

  @Override
  public Collection<ConfigAttribute> getAttributes(Object object) throws IllegalArgumentException {
    final HttpServletRequest request = ((FilterInvocation) object).getRequest();
    Set<ConfigAttribute> allAttributes = new HashSet<>();
    ConfigAttribute configAttribute = new UrlConfigAttribute(request);
    allAttributes.add(configAttribute);
    return allAttributes;
  }

  @Override
  public Collection<ConfigAttribute> getAllConfigAttributes() {
    return null;
  }

  @Override
  public boolean supports(Class<?> clazz) {
    return FilterInvocation.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz);
  }

}

5.自定义voter实现

public class UrlMatchVoter implements AccessDecisionVoter<Object> {

 
  @Override
  public boolean supports(ConfigAttribute attribute) {
    if (attribute instanceof UrlConfigAttribute) return true;
    return false;
  }

  @Override
  public boolean supports(Class<?> clazz) {
    return true;
  }

  @Override
  public int vote(Authentication authentication, Object object, Collection<ConfigAttribute> attributes) {
    if(authentication == null) {
      return ACCESS_DENIED;
    }
    Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> authorities = authentication.getAuthorities();

    for (ConfigAttribute attribute : attributes) {
      if (!(attribute instanceof UrlConfigAttribute)) continue;
      UrlConfigAttribute urlConfigAttribute = (UrlConfigAttribute) attribute;
      for (GrantedAuthority authority : authorities) {
        if (!(authority instanceof UrlGrantedAuthority)) continue;
        UrlGrantedAuthority urlGrantedAuthority = (UrlGrantedAuthority) authority;
        if (StringUtils.isBlank(urlGrantedAuthority.getAuthority())) continue;
        //如果数据库的method字段为null，则默认为所有方法都支持
        String httpMethod = StringUtils.isNotBlank(urlGrantedAuthority.getHttpMethod()) ? urlGrantedAuthority.getHttpMethod()
            : urlConfigAttribute.getHttpServletRequest().getMethod();
        //用Spring已经实现的AntPathRequestMatcher进行匹配，这样我们数据库中的url也就支持ant风格的配置了（例如：/xxx/user/**）    
        AntPathRequestMatcher antPathRequestMatcher = new AntPathRequestMatcher(urlGrantedAuthority.getAuthority(), httpMethod);
        if (antPathRequestMatcher.matches(urlConfigAttribute.getHttpServletRequest()))
          return ACCESS_GRANTED;
      }
    }
    return ACCESS_ABSTAIN;
  }
}

6.自定义FilterSecurityInterceptor实现

public class UrlFilterSecurityInterceptor extends FilterSecurityInterceptor {

  public UrlFilterSecurityInterceptor() {
    super();
  }

  @Override
  public void init(FilterConfig arg0) throws ServletException {
    super.init(arg0);
  }

  @Override
  public void destroy() {
    super.destroy();
  }

  @Override
  public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
    super.doFilter(request, response, chain);
  }

  @Override
  public FilterInvocationSecurityMetadataSource getSecurityMetadataSource() {
    return super.getSecurityMetadataSource();
  }

  @Override
  public SecurityMetadataSource obtainSecurityMetadataSource() {
    return super.obtainSecurityMetadataSource();
  }

  @Override
  public void setSecurityMetadataSource(FilterInvocationSecurityMetadataSource newSource) {
    super.setSecurityMetadataSource(newSource);
  }

  @Override
  public Class<?> getSecureObjectClass() {
    return super.getSecureObjectClass();
  }

  @Override
  public void invoke(FilterInvocation fi) throws IOException, ServletException {
    super.invoke(fi);
  }

  @Override
  public boolean isObserveOncePerRequest() {
    return super.isObserveOncePerRequest();
  }

  @Override
  public void setObserveOncePerRequest(boolean observeOncePerRequest) {
    super.setObserveOncePerRequest(observeOncePerRequest);
  }
}

配置文件关键配置

<security:http>
  ...
  <security:custom-filter ref="filterSecurityInterceptor" before="FILTER_SECURITY_INTERCEPTOR" />
</security:http>

<security:authentication-manager alias="authenticationManager">
  <security:authentication-provider ref="daoAuthenticationProvider"/>
</security:authentication-manager>

<bean id="accessDecisionManager" class="org.springframework.security.access.vote.AffirmativeBased">
  <constructor-arg>
    <list>
      <bean id="authenticatedVoter" class="org.springframework.security.access.vote.AuthenticatedVoter" />
      <bean id="roleVoter" class="org.springframework.security.access.vote.RoleVoter" />
      <bean id="urlMatchVoter" class="com.mobisist.app.security.access.voter.UrlMatchVoter" />
    </list>
  </constructor-arg>
</bean>

<bean id="securityMetadataSource" class="com.mobisist.app.security.access.UrlFilterInvocationSecurityMetadataSource" />

<bean id="filterSecurityInterceptor"
   class="com.mobisist.app.security.access.UrlFilterSecurityInterceptor">
  <property name="authenticationManager" ref="authenticationManager"/>
  <property name="accessDecisionManager" ref="accessDecisionManager"/>
  <property name="securityMetadataSource" ref="securityMetadataSource" />
</bean>

好啦，接下来享受你的Spring Security权限控制之旅吧。

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持。

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